Principles Of Programming Using Net Framework Computer Science Essay

Principles Of Programming Using Net Framework Computer Science Essay The .NET Framework Class library consists of a combination of instructional classes, interfaces, and also value types in which facilitate and boost the actual development practice and supply use of system functionality and they can use to be able to program with. The .Net framework class library (FCL) affords the core features connected with .Net framework architecture. In .Net Framework class library (FCL) structured in a very hierarchical tree design in fact it is broken down in to Namespaces. Namespaces is a logical grouping regarding forms when it comes to identification. The .Net Framework class library (FCL) provides the steady foundation forms which are utilized all over almost all .Net enable languages. Classes are usually accessed by simply namespaces, which usually reside inside Assemblies. The system Namespace may be the main regarding forms in the .Net framework. The course collection (FCL) lessons are usually managed lessons offering having access to Program Solutions. T his .Net Framework class library (FCL) classes are usually object oriented and also simple to operate with program developments. Additionally, third-party components may include using the classes in the .NET Framework. The particular .Net class library type collection comes with a frequent interface involving each of the various .Net programming languages such as shown in fig 1.1. Following are some important namespaces that are defined in the .NET Framework class library: Namespaces Description System This namespace includes all common data types, string values, arrays, methods for data conversion, and methods related to mathematical operations. System.Data, System.Data.Common, System.Data.OleDb, System.Data.SqlClient, System.Data.SqlTypes These namespaces are used to access a database, perform commands on a database, and retrieve and manipulate a database. System.IO, System.DirectoryServices, System.IO.IsolatedStorage These namespaces are used to access, read, and write files, and retrieve file paths. System.Diagnostics This namespace is used to debug and trace the execution of an application. System.Net, System.Net.Sockets These namespaces are used to communicate over the Internet when creating peer-to-peer applications. System.Windows.Forms, System.Windows.Forms.Design These namespaces are used to create Windows-based applications using Windows user interface components. System.Web, System.WebCaching, System.Web.UI, System.Web.UI.Design, System.Web.UI.WebControls, System.Web.UI.HtmlControls, System.Web.Configuration, System.Web.Hosting, System.Web.Mail, System.Web.SessionState These namespaces are used to create ASP.NET Web applications that execute over the Internet. System.Web.Services, System.Web.Services.Description, System.Web.Services.Configuration, System.Web.Services.Discovery, System.Web.Services.Protocols These namespaces are used to create XML Web services and components that can be published over the Internet. System.Security, System.Security.Permissions, System.Security.Policy, System.WebSecurity, System.Security.Cryptography These namespaces are used for authentication, authorization, and encryption. System.Xml, System.Xml.Schema, System.Xml.Serialization, System.Xml.XPath, These namespaces are used to create and access XML files. Several benefits of .NET framework class library: Consistent programming model: Using .Net being able to access data that has a VB. WEB and a C# .Net looks the same as well as slight syntactical variations. Both programs have to import the system. Data namespace, both the programs generate a connection with the particular database and both the programs work some sort of query and display the data on the data grid. This .Net illustration clarifies that there are some sort of single methods of accomplishing a similar job using the .NET Class Library, an essential element with the .Net framework. This features that the .Net class library gives can be found to every . .Net languages resulting in a consistent object style regardless of the programming language the developer uses. When an application accesses data on a remote machine or even has to execute a privileged task with respect to some sort of non-privileged user, security issue difficulty turns into critical since the application will be able to view data from a remote machine. Having .Net, the particular Framework makes it possible for the particular developer and the system supervisor to be able to specify process levels safety measures. Within web purposes, the developer together with traditional ASP would need to present data from a database in a Webpage. He has to write down the application logic (code) in addition to presentation logic (design) inside same file. ASP .NET and also the. NET framework makes simpler development by making distance between the application logic in addition to presentation logic to make it easy to maintain the code. The design code (presentation logic) and also the actual code (application logic) can be created as a standalone eliminating the requirement to combine Html code together with ASP code. ASP .Net may also deal with the facts regarding sustaining the state of the controls, like contents in a text box, among telephone calls to the same ASP .Net page. In .Net Framework it allows you to be able to easily deploy applications. Throughout the commonest type, to setup an application, almost all you should do is to duplicate the appliance combined with the factors it takes in a directory for the targeted computer. The .Net Framework addresses information involving handling along with filling these factors an application wants, whether or not many designs in the very same software are present for the targeted computer. CLS defines standard rules for defining .Net compliant languages. By naming .NET complaint languages, demonstrate your understanding of this concept. CLS becomes a subset associated with CTS. CTS explains a couple of types that may work with different .Net languages have in accordance, which often make sure that items written in various languages those may socialize with one another. The majority of the members outlined by forms in the .Net framework class library (FCL) are common language specification compliant types. CLS is usually a collection of standard language attributes which .Net languages required to develop application as well as Services, which might be works with the particular .Net platform. When there is a situation to write for communicating objects in different .Net Complaint languages, those objects need to promote the particular attributes that are common to all the languages. CLS ensures total interoperability involving applications, no matter of the language used to develop the application. CLS was designed to assistance language constructs widely used by developers and also to make verifiable code, which enables most CLS-compliant languages to guarantee the safety associated with code. CLS involves features typical to a lot of object-oriented programming languages. CLS identifies the basic necessary regulations for any language targeting common language infrastructure to inter-operate together with some other CLS-compliant languages. For instance, a method together with parameter regarding unsigned int type in an object written throughout C# is not CLS-compliant, just like a number of different languages, including VB.NET, which does not support that type. CLS presents the rules on the compiler of a language, which usually targets the .NET framework. CLS-compliant code would be the program code open along and expressed throughout CLS form. Although various .NET languages are different in their syntactic policies, their compilers make more common intermediate language instructions, which are implemented by CLR. Thats why, CLS allows flexibility throughout making use of non-compliant types in the central implementation involving factors using CLS-compliant requirement. Therefore, CLS functions as a tool intended for integrating unique languages into one particular umbrella within a seamless method. Components which stick to the particular CLS rules and also only use the particular features in the CLS are generally called CLS-compliant parts. A lot of the members defined by types in the. NET Framework class library are generally CLS-compliant. Several types in the class library have got more than one members which might be definitely not CLS-compliant. Most of these members allow support for language features which might be definitely not in the CLS. The types and also members which might be definitely not CLS-compliant a re generally recognized as such in the reference documentation, and also in all of the circumstances some sort of CLS-compliant alternative is available. CLS provides several services such as: Code management Application memory isolation Proof of type security Access to metadata Managing memory for managed objects Enforcement of code access security Automation of object layout Helpful for developer services like debugging, profiling etc CTS Defines rules concerning data types .Net, by giving examples of supported data types, describe what CLR is and its role in .NET architecture. CTS are designed as a singly rooted object hierarchy with System. Object as the base type from which all other types are derived. CTS support two different kinds of types: Value Types: Contain the values that need to be stored directly on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. They can be built-in standard primitive types, user-defined or enumerations like sets of enumerated values that are represented by labels but stored as a numeric type. There are several value types in CTS such as: 1. Structures 2. Enumerations Reference Types: Store a reference to the valueà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“s memory address and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be any of the pointer types, interface types or self-describing type arrays and class types such as user-defined classes, boxed value types and delegates. There are several Reference types in CTS such as: 1. Classes 2. Interfaces 3. Delegates Although operations on variables of a value type do not affect any other variable, operations on variables of a reference type can affect the same object referred to by another variable. When references are made within the scope of an assembly, two types with the same name but in different assemblies are defined as two distinct types, whereas when using namespaces, the run time recognizes the full name of each type (such as System. Object,System. String, etc.). The rich set of types in CTS has well-designed semantics such that they can be widely used as a base type in Common Language Runtime (CLR) -based languages. This is why all .NET developers must have a thorough understanding of CTS. Describe what CLR is and its role in .NET architecture. Common language Runtime (CLR) is the engine accessible in .Net framework to be able to compile and also run the program. CLR engine will not compile the code into machine code but it will convert the code into a set of instructions. CLR aids developers inside taking care of equally in allocating and also reallocating of memory. This kind of process cleans away a couple of the greatest resources for programmer error like leaks and also memory data corruption. CLR can be great for security functions. CLR produce permissions to some portion dependent on what method it runs in, validates the code based on data like details about code on time load and also the internet site from which portion ended up being received for you to assign permissions using a component-by-component basis. Also, CLR inspections the code to see in the event it is often altered. The particular metadata in a CLR portion can easily contain a digital signature that can be used for you to examine which the portion end ed up being written by true particular person which that hasnt been improved. Some of the benefits of CLR (common language runtime) are: Performance improvements. The ability to easily use components developed in other languages. Extensible types provided by a class library. Language features such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading for object-oriented programming. Support for explicit free threading that allows creation of multithreaded, scalable applications. Support for structured exception handling. Support for custom attributes. Garbage collection. Use of delegates instead of function pointers for increased type safety and security. Components of CLR (common language runtime): Class loader MSIL ( Microsoft intermediate language) Code manager Garbage collector Security engine Type checker Thread report Debug engine Basic class library Exception manager

Who Was to Blame for the Cuban Missile Crissis

Who was to blame for the Cuban missile crisis? The U. S had part of this crisis as they overreacted to the fact that the U. S. S. R was importing missiles into Cuba. They made Cuba tense because they tried to invade Cuba twice. The Cubans needed and help and the U. S. S. R were there to help. If the U. S didn’t try to invade Cuba then it wouldn’t cause so much tension thus the crisis not happening. Also if they haven’t set up a base in Turkey then this wouldn’t have led the Russians to put missiles in Cuba. Over-reacted to situation and led to escalation of conflict. The U.S wanted to help Cuban exiles to overthrow the Castro government (which was hostile to USA). CIA under President Eisenhower had sought to help the anti-Castro rebels to overthrow the regime. Organised Operation Zapata that was carried out on 17th April 1961. Failed miserably. America followed this with Operation Mongoose which aimed to destabilise Cuba through acts of sabotage, economic warfare through embargo on Cuban imports, increasing Cuban’s diplomatic isolation through its expulsion from the Organisation of American States and simulating military exercises (code named Ortsac) aimed at toppling an imaginary dictator. Edwards, 2002: 127-8). America was trying to topple Castro through isolating Cuba, and in doing so, increased the hostility of the Castro regime against the USA and accentuated the fear of invasion, thereby prompting Castro to turn to Moscow for help to defend Cuba from America. (Because Castro was aware that Cuba could not possibly defend herself against America. ) (Edwards 2002: 126, 128) The U. S. S. R is also to blame as they were taking advantage of the fact that Cuba was close to the U. S. This creates tension for the U.S as this poses a threat to their security. This act made the U. S feel threatened thus taking action. Should not have gotten involved with Cuba? Feb 1960: Extended $100 million worth of credits to Cuba. (Edwards, 2002 : 125) May 1962: USSR deployed regiments and weapons to Cuba, including nuclear cruise missiles and mid-range ballistic missiles that could strike targets in USA’s interior. Had stationed 40,000 military personnel in Cuba. This was an indication of economic expansion into an area that ranked high on America’s defence priority.Sponsorship of Castro’s regime and subsequent creation of a de-facto military base in Cuba appeared to be a deliberate affront to America’s national security. Cuba’s strategic importance to America can be likened to Poland’s importance to USSR. Transporting of military aid (especially missiles) to Cuba thus escalated a crisis between 2 neighbouring countries into a Cold War issue that threatened World peace. Cuba can also be blamed, they got paranoid over the U.S invasion so they used one of the powerful countries to guarantee its safety. If they weren’t as paranoid Manipulated super-power politics to guarantee s ecurity of borders and to legitimise the new Castro regime . E. g. Turned to USSR for economic and military help, so that it would not have to play the role of a submissive little brother to America. Castro: â€Å"Moscow is our brain and our great leader. † By using USSR as a counter-weight to USA, Cuba was shrewdly manipulating super-power politics for its own advantage.Castro was aware that Cuba’s distance from Moscow meant that it would be given a large measure of independence from Moscow, as opposed to the tight leash that it would be kept on had they decided to concede to American superiority. Therefore, the escalation of conflict was to some extent orchestrated by Cuba for her own benefit, as it meant that she would not have to fight the American behemoth on her own, but had USSR’s backing. Consequences to missile Cuban crisis-) Led to a thaw in USA-USSR relations, as both parties were aware that their rivalry had almost led to an all-out nuclear war (mutu ally-assured destruction).Establishment of direct hotline from Washington White House to Kremlin to facilitate high level discussion between leaders of the 2 countries so as to help defuse tensions. (20th June 1963)Signing of the nuclear test-ban treaty (June 1963). Both countries agreed to cease atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. But underground testing was still permitted. However, take note that although the Cuban Missile Crisis ended, US hostility towards Cuban regime continued, even though Kennedy briefly explored the option of negotiating with Castro via unofficial channels.Resumption of Operation Mongoose June 1963. Acts of economic sabotage organised by CIA. Plans to assassinate Castro (Operation Condor) remained in place. Therefore, this shows clearly that it was USSR’s involvement that made the conflict between Cuba and USA escalate into the Cuban Missile Crisis in the first place, due to USSR’s provision of missiles to Cuba. Without USSR’s involv ement, it would have remained a conflict between America and Cuba. USSR, USA and Cuba all had a part to play in the utbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis, but it was USA who first over-reacted to the threat posed by a leftist regime in Cuba, and had created a self-fulfilling prophecy by taking unjustified pre-emptive strikes such as Operation Zapata and Mongoose that scared Cuba into thinking that her national security was threatened, and thus made her turn to USSR as a strong backer in order to secure her own security. Thus USA was chiefly to blame as she tried to secure her national interest at the expense of other nations, and thus led to the escalation of tensions as nations sought to secure their self-interest by scaring the other into retreat.Had USA not over-reacted, a peaceful compromise could have been achieved earlier and the scare that was the Cuban Missile Crisis could have been averted. Moreover, USSR’s delving into the conflict was also partly in response to previ ous US stationing of Jupiter missiles in Turkey, which had essentially held USSR at gun-point, thus USSR’s decision to place missiles in Cuba was justified as it was trying to make USA understand the peril of being placed at gun-point. Therefore, I disagree with the above statement, as USA, more than USSR was to blame for the outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Of Mice and Men Empathy Task

Empathy Task Well here I am again on the same old ranch, alone. My friend is being chassed!! I lost my dream, my friends and my dog. When I had all those, it made me feel kinda special, I s'pose, ain't too many guys around here who have friends; who have dreams especially these days. Most of them just dont care or they pretend they don’t, goddam depression, I wasn’t one of those guys, I had friends and dreams and hopes and†¦ . Anyhow, Lennie's gone now. They are gonna found him and kill him or he will never return, for sure i am not seeing him again!I gotta say even if he was a crazy bastard that shattered my dream, does anyone knows how bad that feels!! One day you are making plans and the other day you realize that it’s never gonna happen. I lost Lennie as well, he was someone to talk to and I hope he finds the damn rabbits he always wanted, in fact; he was the one that told me about the dream in the first place. I will miss him. I am so pissed off about a ll these things!! She did it, that bitch, Curley's Wife. Ever since I met her I knew she was bad.Never expected it to end the way it did though. I didn't expect to find her dead on the floor. I mean who did. I panicked at first but I knew what to do, I had to tell George before everybody else. It was all her fault. She was the one who came to Lennie, I mean; Lennie wouldn’t have touched her, poor bastard. Lennie was a good man and i know he didn’t do it on purpose! Thing aren’t going back though, I lost all of my dreams and hopes in that split second that I realized she was dead! She was responsible, i wanted to kill her, but she was already dead!!I hate her and that scum, Curley, I bet my life he was the one that told Carlosn to shoot my dog!! Bloody ‘hand fulla Vaseline' Still if it had to be done I prefer to have done it myself. He was my dog, my companion, my friend. I don't know how I am going to get through the last few years of my life without him. I shoulda done it myself. They would let me leave this ranch but where would I go. I can't go to the farm on my own can I. The thought of leaving my dog behind, is just too powerful so I've decided I'm not going anywhere.People leave, I am staying here alone until I rot in the ground. My dog just goes round and round in my head. If George leaves as well, life will be back to normal like it was before Lennie and George turned up. The same old people as before. Curley will still be cocky except that he will be single know and I will be the same old man with no friends at all know that my dog is gone as well. I don’t have many reasons to keep living after this, my friends are gone and my dream is shuttered!! I hate not being able to help in the fields.I miss it so much. I don't like being here in this place all day by myself. I have spent the best years of my life working in someone else’s ranch, only to lose one hand and end up with little money!! George and Lennie were my only chance of making my dream come true!! I was gonna spent every penny I had so that i could be a bit closer to the American dream which is now something that I will never succeed. I am at the end of a long hard-working career that offered me a crap life, I can’t fix the things know, i mean i would if i could but I just can’t!!I can’t get over with the fact that I could have made it!! We were gonna get a little place and we were gonna have a big vegetable patch and all kind of good things! No one was gonna throw me out of there when I was gonna be at my oldest!! I was so close! George also started to believe that it was coming true but all of a sadden everything went down! I can’t do this anymore, why did I not die instead of being left to feel all this pain. They should have let me die†¦

Essay Blakes Use Symbolism - 1243 Words

In both poems Blake uses the common symbol of a flower to represent a woman to highlight the problem of this conception of the feminine. Though it’s the speaker of the Innocence poem â€Å"The Blossom,† the young flower stays stationary while observing the activity of two birds in the same area. The blossom watches the sparrow â€Å"Seek[s] [its] cradle narrow† or return to its nest, a representation of a male returning to his home (5). In the next stanza, the blossom notes a robin â€Å"sobbing† next to it (10). All of the action in the poem is carried out by the birds while the blossom remains stationary and only â€Å"Sees† and â€Å"Hears† (4, 10). Activity versus passivity in the poem aligns the birds with the masculine and the blossom with the feminine,†¦show more content†¦The blossom’s voice reflects the youthful and childlike mindset of the type of woman depicted through the flower. Simple adjectives are repeated more than once; the â€Å"Merry Merry Sparrow† of the first line and the â€Å"Pretty Pretty Robin† of the second stanza establish the innocent voice and also suggest that the innocence taints the speaker’s understanding of what’s going on (1, 6). The confusing depiction of the poem’s literal action gives the scene a disembodied tone; the speaker notes that a bird is â€Å"Near my Bosom† and active but fails to connect them in any way (6, 12). Further, the blossom refers to itself both in the first and third person, calling itself â€Å"A happy Blossom† as well as situating the birds near its bosom (3, 9). Not only does the blossom have a confused and fractured view of what goes on around it, but it also has a dissociated understanding of itself. This mindset reflects the consciousness of a woman in relation to sex. She doesn’t have a very solid understanding of what’s going on around her or to her, she just passively observ es and reports. The speaker’s voice also contributes to her characterization as a childlike woman in the singsong sound of the verse. Most of the lines are trochaic trimeter, a steady meter that seems more reserved for a children’s rhyme than a poem with such mature themes. It seems that Blake is calling attention to the fallacy of female sexual passivity: women are like flowers in thatShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In The Tyger By William Blake901 Words   |  4 Pagesmust be brought into question. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† accurately portrays this reality and brings this thinking of God into the light with his poem. In â€Å"The Tyger†, William Blake uses rhyme scheme, figurative language, and symbolism to convey the question of why God would allow for there to be evil, and create evil Himself. Blake’s use of rhyme scheme throughout the poem adds a rhythm and set pattern in the poem. For example, in â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses the rhyme scheme AABB throughout theRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesChimney Sweeper by William Blake† In William Blake’s poem, the reader will read about the first person point of view of a child going through a neglected life of child labour and slavery. In the poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, Blake’s use of onomatopoeia conveys the emotions of the character in the poem. William Blake uses symbolism in his poem which gives the reader a better understanding of the message he is trying to convey. As well, Blake’s use of colors and adjectives provides the reader contrastRead MoreHow Blake and Wordsworth Respond to Nature in their Poetry Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesWordsworths pleasant and simplistic life style in the country, contrasted with the harsh reality of life experienced by Blake in the City of London. This essay analyses how both poets expressed their very different views of London through their use of themes, word devices, structure and tone. Blake and Wordsworth were both born into the countryside lifestyle. Wordsworth spent all of his childhood living in the Lake District; this is reflected in his positive and naà ¯ve themesRead MoreEssay Imagery And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger693 Words   |  3 PagesImagery And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger â€Å"Can you give to the horse mightyness? Can you clothe its neck with a rustling mane? Can you cause it to leap like a locust?†(Job 39:19-20) William Blake’s The Tyger is reminiscent of when God questioned Job rhetorically about his creations, many of them being fearsome beasts such as the leviathan or the behemoth. Much like this speech from the old testament, The Tyger also uses a significant amount of imagery and symbolism which contributesRead MoreThe Romantic Poetry Of Blake And Shelley1494 Words   |  6 PagesContrary States of Human Existence expressed in the Romantic Poetry of Blake and Shelley The Romantic Period centered on creative imagination, nature, mythology, symbolism, feelings and intuition, freedom from laws, impulsiveness, simplistic language, personal experiences, democracy, and liberty, significant in various art forms including poetry. The development of the self and self-awareness became a major theme as the Romantic Period was seen as an unpredictable release of artistic energyRead More William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Blakes The Chimney Sweeper William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper, written in 1789, tells the story of what happened to many young boys during this time period. Often, boys as young as four and five were sold for the soul purpose of cleaning chimneys because of their small size. These children were exploited and lived a meager existence that was socially acceptable at the time. Blake voices the evils of this acceptance through point of view, symbolism, and his startling irony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BlakeRead MoreIn Many Ways, Poetry Has The Ability To Shape The Minds1226 Words   |  5 PagesHis poetry has inspired much change in both the past and the present. An analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† one of Blake’s most popular works, can help many to understand the significance of his work in a time period when social riot was visible in the public’s eyes. By exploring the writing style, structure and imagery in this poem, as well as identifying the importance of symbolism, a conclusion can be made concerning the purpose of this poem. Learning more about William Blake may help readers toRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo th e common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such different creatures. Both poemsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Chimney Sweeper 1418 Words   |  6 PagesBlake’s poem â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is considered to be one of his finest, yet contradictory works of his life, as he provides a negative social perspective on the topic of child labour. Assisted through the use of various poetic techniques such as anecdotes, biblical illusion, symbolism, euphemism, metaphors, and rhyme, Blake was able to assertively convey his protest towards the laws against the use of young children in the British workforce. The theme of child innocence is also the other main exploredRead MoreThe Lamb by William Blake Analysis Essays983 Words   |  4 Pagespurity. Blake uses thee four times in his rhyming scheme, and he keeps to single syllables. Blake uses grammatical vocabulary instead of slang, and his choice of words, such as stream, delight, wool, bright, and tender, give the poem a peaceful, and innocent feel about it which gives way to a child-play poem with a naive but profound question, â€Å"who made thee?† There is also a joyous and harmonious flow due to the vocabulary and imagery in the poem which gives the reader a sense of Blake’s faith in

The Security Issues Revolving Around Wireless Networks

Introduction Wireless computer networks have become very common in the past several years. The convenience with which computer users can utilize internet connections, without having a network cable attached to their computers, makes wireless networks extraordinarily popular in today’s on-the-go society. Homes, offices, and public businesses (e.g., hotels, coffee shops, restaurants, etc.) all frequently have active wireless computer networks. As is the case with hard-wired computer networks, security is very important in wireless networking environments, even more so because one is not physically connected to the network. This paper will examine many of the security issues revolving around wireless networks, as well as ways to protect such networks from vulnerabilities and attacks. Motivation A hacker who wishes to break into or eavesdrop onto a wireless network may possess one or more of the following motives for attempting such action: †¢ Challenge †¢ Greed †¢ Malicious intent The challenge motive involves an individual breaking into a system simply to gain access or proceed beyond a barrier, without causing any actual harm or stealing or destroying data. A â€Å"challenger† may typically brag to his or her friends about successfully penetrating a system, in a way expressing a sense of accomplishment. Greed involves a desire to gain something from the attack. Credit card numbers, bank accounts numbers, passwords, and classified trade secrets are just a few examples ofShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of The First Operating System1728 Words   |  7 Pagespose several issues, some of which are a direct result of these technologies themselves. The most recent trends in computing are gearing towards smaller, portable, wireless devices which rely heavily on network resources. Mobile computers have become all the rage, and have sparked entirely new categories of computer devices like tablets and smartphones. These mobile computers, as resourceful as they are, create numerous issues for developers and users alike, such as system security, performanceRead MoreBasic Functioning Principle of a Satellite Communication System2245 Words   |  9 Pages1.Introduction In today’s ultra modern civilization, with features like wireless communications, high definition television broadcasting and Internet access almost in any point of the world the use of the so called telecommunication satellites is unavoidable. The continuous growth of the satellite industry is due to the fact of the many advantages of it, like low costs, big covered areas, possibility of broadcasting and many others. 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Many May Wonder About The Connection Between The Cold War

Many may wonder about the connection between the Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement and how the war has an effect on African-American civil rights. The effect may not be as perspicuous since these conflicts are two very strange juxtapositions. The two wars shared the same time and place in history yet they were never associated with each other. Although the Cold War may seem as if it went on for forever, from 1947 until 1991, the Civil Rights Movement went on from 1954 to 1968. However, the mass protest for equality of all races is still strongly present in today s society. It is rather absurd that it has taken more than half a century for every American to come to an agreement of acceptance of all races. These two historical events†¦show more content†¦The way Americans reacted toward the movement showed weakness as a nation, unable to come together as one to accept each other no matter of the race. 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Managing People Issues Arising and Implementing

Question: Discuss about the Managing People Issues Arising and Implementing. Answer: Introduction: Employees are the people who propel the organization to success by helping it achieve the set goals and objectives. Leaders are the people who oversee the execution of the duties by the workers, and they make important decisions in the organization. They, however, represent the owners of the business, and any decision they make must be in consultation with them. Leading people is not an easy task as people have different views on various activities and controlling them is a hard job for the managers (Strom, Sears, Kelly, 2014, pp.71-82). Technological changes have changed the business world, and employees have the ability to choose who to work for and the location to from (Baldwin, Scott, 2013). Global expansions have led to employees having the legality to work internationally. The main aim of working is not only to achieve the organization goals and objectives but also get money to satisfy one's needs. These are the primary reasons why many employees work, and some do not worry a bout the performance of the organization as long as they get paid for their services ( Zahra, Hayton, 2008, pp.195-220). Managers had difficulties in trying to make the employees accountable and responsible for the execution of the organization duties. Managers are the problem solver and all the times must ensure the set targets are reached. In the attempt to motivate the employees to work hard, leaders come up with different plans to appraise them. Appraisal means rewarding the employees for good work done. Salaries and wages are the rewards given to the employees by the employers to reward their efforts, but assessment involves special recognition of their efforts. These may be informed of job promotions, salary increment, taking them to free holidays, giving them off time, increasing their allowances, etc. all these factors improve the employee's morale, and he/she feels a sense of belonging. Human always like recognition and praise from other people. When the management recognizes the employees, this motivates them to work extra hard, and through this, the organization goal is achieved. Therefore e mployee appraisal is a very critical element in ensuring the success of the team. Implementation of change in the organization is faced with hospitality almost in all areas not only business environment (Oh, Lewis,2009). Change of the appraisal methods may not be accepted by all the people in the group as some may see it not right. Managers have a duty to convince the employees on the decisions they make that they are the best and are aimed to benefit them. Effective adoption of any resolution requires consultation among all the business stakeholders. These only means that all stakeholders of the company are imperative and their opinions are necessary to come up with the best decisions by the managers. Any appraisal change must be accepted by all employees to avoid disagreements which may slow down the business activities. This paper checks an integrative approach on how to manage people's issues which arise from changes in the appraisal systems in the organization. Employees' needs are dealt with by the human resource department headed by a manager. The department aims at generally ensuring that employees are satisfied with their working in the organization and policies given by the top managers are adopted fully. Change is inevitable in the organization, but resistance is also a guarantee from the different stakeholders in the organization. The reason for resistance may be for personal reasons as people see that the new changes do not benefit them in any way. There is also a notion that new things are bad and are used to trick people. Therefore, the employees may resist without concrete reasons but assumptions. Change leads to change of how activities are done, and people may be adamant to change as they see it hard to adapt to the changes. However, change is as good as rest and provides an opportunity to see things in a different angle. Change may result in high benefits as not all changes are aimed to hurt or punish people (Thomas, Hardy, 2 011, pp. 322-331). The organization must continuously update its systems to avoid the possibility of them being outdated. There are many changes in the environment, and for businesses to remain relevant, they must put then into consideration. (Hodder, Holmes, Keir, 2010, pp.1097-1107).Technological advances have made business execution very different. In the past, business owners did not care about the welfare of the employees but were after huge profits. However, nowadays many restrictions have emerged on how to handles different business stakeholders in the markets. Awareness is high among the people and dishonor of people's rights may lead to the firm getting into trouble. The law stipulates that ignorance is no defense and the business must know how to treat employees as per the law, and any divergence may lead to its persecution by the employees. However, there is no need for business to harass or treat the employees poorly as they determine how the business is carried out. Happy and satisfied em ployees have ownership of the activities the organization carries out thus are accountable and responsible. The decisions they take on behalf of the business are with utmost fair and aimed at the general welfare of the organization (Crane, Matten, 2016). Motivation and Learning The motivations of employees make them happy and take the group as their property hence carry activities honestly and diligently. These make the results very appealing and useful for the team. The employees are people with families, and it is necessary to treat them well as they have feelings. Rewarding their extra efforts improves their living standards by making them be able to cater for their needs with ease (Manzoor, 2012, pp. 1). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a theory that aims at explaining that the people have needs that are basic and must be fulfilled for them to be able to learn and comprehend. The primary needs include food, shelter and clothing and their fulfillment makes employees or people have peace of mind hence better execution activities (Sadri, Bowen, 2011, pp. 44-49). The changes in the environment may render the workers to be unskilled because of the new changes. It is unethical for the organization to lay them off but it should put up the measure to train them and be able to do works easily. The changes in the working environment may also be faced with resistance from the employees. It may lead to retirements, staff turnovers, high wastage, etc. Training makes the workers happy with the work as they can execute duties with no difficulties faced (Gong, Huang, Farh, 2009, pp.765-778). The operant conditioning theory of learning stipulates learning occurs when the people's behaviors are followed by reinforcement or punishment. In this case, the learning is reinforced by the rewards (Brush, 2014).When changes come, and people are given a chance to study in the organization, they are afterward rewarded by promotions as their levels of knowledge have increased. The expected outcome makes the employees adapt to the new change as there is something tha t motivates them (Aguinis, Kraiger, 2009, pp.451-474). Leadership is the ability to lead people to achieve individual objectives. Contingency theory stipulates that there is no clear way put down of how people should carry out leaders. Different situations need different remedies, and it is the duty of the leaders to be keen to the changes globally. Managers are responsible for all the activities that occur in the organization. They are liable and must always the accountable. Managers should have good working relations with the employees and reward them according to win the loyalty. The bonus will make workers comfortable working in the organization. Change in the appraisal method is the duty of managers, and they should design an approach they are able and willing to execute. False promises in the organization will always lead to conflicts which can result in business failure. Therefore, the managers must put promises they can achieve to maintain the trust with the employees. The role of managers is to make the final decisions after the consultation, and they should not be afraid. However, after making the decision, they should undoubtedly try to convince the employees with the aim of making them accept e.g. the appraisal method change. The behavior of leaders and the worker is explained by the transactional theory which aims at ensuring that there is a good relationship between the two parties. The good relationship makes the business activities be achieved efficiently. This method is valid as there is something to motivate it and leaders have the ability to look for a way to reward or punish employees to ensure their acts and duties align with the expectations of the organization (Cai, 2008, pp. 212-220). Transformation leadership theory stipulates that the employees can be motivated by the right relationships with the managers and this can make them accepts the decisions made with ease as they trust that the decisions make take care of their needs (Northouse, 2012).Employees fears are that their satisfaction with not be achieved and the assurance may make them not to resist changes in the organization. Changes bring stoppage in the activities of the organization as there is no agreement to act as a guideline in the achievement of the objectives. Any disagreement must be dealt with faster to ensure operations continue regularly for the businesses. Leadership is learned and also personal qualities one is born with which can only be identified when one is confident and dedicated. Learning and motivation enable the employees to have intrinsic, extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic just means that will be happy with work they do in the company, and these will allow them to get high results for the firm. Extrinsic motivations are the rewards they will get externally like more money. Employees self-motivation makes them appreciate others and work hard in achieving their targets (Reiss, 2012, pp.152-156. Conclusion The relationship between the employees and the management determine whether there will be resistance on the decisions made. Good relationships with trust mean that any decision made will be accepted as each party know that the other party cares for their needs (Foster, Punjaisri, Cheng, 2010, pp.401-409). Resistance occurs where there is no trust and one side views changes as means to enable the other party to oppress it. No matter how the management tries to let the employees know that a change of appraisal method is without trust between them, the idea will always face stiff competition. The aim of every evaluation system is to make employee's lives and working conditions better. Employees are important to the business to be ignored, and continuous examination means their needs are put into considerations. Employers should not change the living standards of the people, but they alleviate their life. Changes to be successful if the human resource leaders; Carry out intensive research on the most effective decisions to be made and will be accepted by all the stakeholders in the environment. Try to maintain a good relationship with the employees as they are highly needed by the organization as they need it. Through this trust and respect will be established by the parties. Create a mechanism to make the employees informed about what decisions they can make to avoid resistance caused by ignorance of the facts behind the changes. Involve the employees in coming up with the new changes to enable changes to be done earlier, and the decisions are accepted without demur. Offer employees training where they see incompetence's to ensure waste reduction for the company. These can be done through benchmarking, in seminars and meetings attended to get training. People are always resistant to change because they fear changes in the works they are required to do, they fear to lose their jobs or to be unemployed. Employees also are happy when their status in employment is high, and any changes which tend to lower their status are faced with resistance. Perceptions may make people fear change as they feel a bad thing might happen when the change is adopted. However, these are beliefs which are not true, and it is the work of the managers to remove these issues to the employees to accept the new changes recommended. Variations in some extent give better rewards to the employees who work hard and also punishments like losing of jobs to the lazy persons. Employees should always be optimistic that changes are for the better. Parochial managers are resistant to change and this makes them not take risks in business. Business people foresee the future to take risks (Erwin, Garman, 2010, pp.39-56). Finally, the market changes have given the employees had the power to influence the decisions making in the organizations. They are aware of their right and any violations they can sue the organization. Since the market is full of the entrepreneurs, the environment is almost full of business making the employees have choices on the firms to work. Their decisions are based on the benefits they get from the firms (Avey, Wernsing, Luthans, 2008, pp.48-70).Employees can move from one country to work to another looking for better salaries and wages. The organization should treat employees well and make fair decisions concerning their operations in the group. However, the staff should follow and respect decisions managers make as behind any decision there is a good reason defining it. A good relationship will ensure good business, and less resistance observed among the parties involved ( Davies, 2008, pp.667-68). Change to be completely adopted takes time and patience is mandatory, and wh en the necessary steps are taken its implementation, we will fast and efficient. Some of the change may not see the light of the day due to the numerous resistances, and it is necessary for the management not to despair and make a decision on new changes. When the resistance to change is enormous, the company should check it well to make significant changes or avoid it. According to Lewin model of change for it to be efficient and accepted, it must follow specific steps. Ensuring destroying the present plans, putting up plans which will be adopted in future to ensure that the changes are permanent (Jones, 2010). References Aguinis, H., Kraiger, K. (2009). 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Can performance appraisal systems inspire intrinsically motivated employees?.Review of Public Personnel Administration. Reiss, S. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Teaching of Psychology,39(2), 152-156. Sadri, G., Bowen, C. R. (2011). Meeting employee requirements: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide to motivating staff.Industrial engineer,43(10), 44-49. Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 71-82. Thomas, R., Hardy, C. (2011). Reframing resistance to organizational change.Scandinavian Journal of Management,27(3), 322-331. Zahra, S. A., Hayton, J. C. (2008). The effect of international venturing on firm performance: The moderating influence of absorptive capacity.Journal of Business Venturing,23(2), 195-220.